聚L-乳酸改性麦草共混物材料的研究

以聚L-乳酸(PLLA)和麦草(WS)为原料,以N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)为溶剂,采用溶液共混法制备了PLLA/WS共混物。首先将麦草溶解在NMMO后,再添加聚L-乳酸并溶解,制备聚L-乳酸与麦草的共混溶液。共混溶液采用浇膜法制备PLLA/WS共混物,采用差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射法、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和扫描电镜等方法对所得的共混物进行表征。结果表明,聚L-乳酸与麦草可以形成均匀的共混溶液。共混物中PLLA与麦草组分之间具有较强的相互作用,相容性较好。当共混物中PLLA的质量分数为50%时,共混物可以形成结晶结构,且随着PLLA含量的增加,其结晶更加完美,熔点与热稳定性提高。共混物薄膜断面结构较为致密,这说明PLLA与麦草相容性较好,混合均匀。通过调节聚L-乳酸和麦草的配比,可以制备不同性能的生物高分子材料。     

糠醛渣活性炭的制备和性能研究

以糠醛渣为原料，成功地制备出脱硫活性炭，并详细考察了制备过程中影响炭性能的诸因素，该炭表面基团丰富，中孔发达，特别是经ＣＯ２改质后，脱硫性能显著提高。     

芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶的研究

对芽孢杆菌 (Bacillussp.ZU 0 4 )产纤维素酶的工艺参数进行了优化 ,研究结果表明 :木糖渣和豆饼粉分别是该菌合成纤维素酶的适宜碳源和氮源 ,NaCl和KH2 PO4对纤维素酶的合成具有重要作用 ,其适宜质量用量分别为 0 .5%～ 1.0 %及 0 .1% ,麸皮的添加可明显提高发酵液中的酶活力 ;3L发酵罐中的适宜发酵条件为 :搅拌速度 30 0r/min ,通气量 0 .3L/(L·min) ,培养温度 37℃ ,中性和碱性纤维素酶活力分别达到了2 57.6和 12 5.6U/mL ,显示了良好的工业应用前景。     

屋面覆盖秸秆空芯瓦安装结构的设计

围绕屋面覆盖秸秆空芯瓦的安装结构，设计了三种秸秆空芯瓦的安装工艺过程。阐述了秸秆空芯瓦具有重量轻、加工工艺精、颜色多种多样、安装方便、防渗漏性强、成本低廉等众多优点：，说明了固其具有节约资源、保护环境等优点，是今后屋面覆盖材料发展的重要方向。     

我国农作物秸秆人造板技术与产业化问题探讨

就农作物秸秆人造板技术与产业化问题,从国内外发展现状入手,分析了在产业化过程中亟待解决的难点问题,提出了加速农作物秸秆人造板技术与产业化的改革建议。认为应当实事求是地面对开发秸秆人造板的有利和不利条件,脚踏实地解决好技术、市场和应用环境等问题。     

Effects of five additive materials on mechanical and dimensional properties of wood cement-bonded boards

There is a growing desire to improve the properties and use of nonwood plant materials as supplements to wood materials for wood cement-bonded boards (WCBs). This study was conducted to determine the comparative properties of WCBs containing various amounts of discontinuous inorganic fiber materials, such as alkali-resistant glass fiber, normal glass fiber, mineral wool, and nonwood plant materials such as retted flax straw and wheat straw particles. Tested cement-bonded boards were made at wood/additive compositions of 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 (weight percentages). Seventy-eight laboratory-scale WCBs were produced. Various board properties, such as the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IB), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and linear expansion (LE), were studied. The test results showed that three types of discontinuous inorganic fiber used as reinforcing materials in composites significantly enhanced and modified the performance of WCBs. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of cement-bonded board were significantly improved with increasing amounts of the additives. MOR and IB were increased; and WA, TS, and LE of boards were reduced by combination with the inorganic fiber materials. The results also indicated that combination with retted flax straw particles only slightly increased the MOR of boards, and wheat straw particles led to marked decreases in all the mechanical properties and the dimensional stability of WCBs.Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000     

微波处理对稻草表面特性的影响

利用FEIXG型电子自旋共振波谱仪和Nicolet Nexus 670型傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了微波处理对稻草表面特性的影响。研究结果表明,经微波处理后的稻草表面自由基浓度显著增加,最高可以达到处理前自由基浓度的7倍左右。且随着处理时间的延长和微波强度的增加,稻草表面自由基浓度的增加幅度有所上升。经微波处理后,稻草外表面的化学成分(包括SiO2、羟基、木素和纤维素)变化都不明显,而稻草内表面SiO2略有减少,羟基显著增加,木素和纤维素也有一定变化。微波处理可以改善稻草内表面的特性,使之比外表面更具活性,有利于稻草与胶黏剂之间的交联。     

原料表面碱液处理对稻草碎料板力学性能的影响

在实验室条件下探索了稻草原料表面碱液处理对稻草碎料板力学性能的影响.试验表明,处理后的稻草碎料板的内结合强度比处理前有大幅度提高,弯曲弹性模量和静曲强度比处理前则有所下降,但都达到了相关的国家标准;2h吸水厚度膨胀率升高,超过国家标准.因此稻草表面碱液处理提高了稻草原料表面润湿性和胶合强度,但对稻草碎料板的力学性能有影响.     

Energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of logging residues as alternative energy resources: system analysis based on the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis

Using the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, the energy balance and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of logging residues from Japanese conventional forestry as alternative energy resources were analyzed over the entire life cycle of the residues. The fuel consumption for forestry machines was measured in field experiments for harvesting and transporting logging residues at forestry operating sites in Japan. In addition, a total audit of energy consumption was undertaken. It involved an assessment of materials, construction, and the repair and maintenance of forestry machines as well as the costs associated with an energy-conversion plant. As a result, the ratio of energy output to input was calculated to be 5.69, indicating that the system examined in this study could be feasible as an energy production system. The CO₂ emission per MWh_e (e: electricity) of the biomass-fired power generation plant was calculated to be 61.8kgCO₂/MWh_e, while that of coal-fired power generation plants in Japan is 960kgCO₂/MWh_e. Therefore, the reduction in the amount of CO₂ emission that would result from replacing coal with biomass for power generation by as much as 3.0 million dry-t/year of logging residues in Japan was estimated to be 1.66 million tCO₂/year, corresponding to 0.142% of the national CO₂ emission. This study provides evidence that Japan could reduce its domestic CO₂ emission by using logging residues as alternative energy resources.     

麦秆表面硅含量分布的研究

利用ESCA研究了麦秆表面在不同温度下和经氩离子刻蚀后Si元素含量的变化。结果表明：在麦秆横切面上，Si元素含量中间层（接近麦秆外表面）含量较高；随着温度的升高，麦秆表面Si元素含量先降低而后增加，在选定的几个温度中，170℃和220℃时Si含量最低；麦秆表面经氩离子刻蚀后，由外及里，随着氩刻的加深，Si含量呈现升高趋势。麦秆中Si元素存在的化学环境与聚甲基硅氧烷中Si的化学环境比较接近。